Mutations
PSEN1 L219F
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Overview
Pathogenicity: Alzheimer's Disease : Not Classified
ACMG/AMP Pathogenicity Criteria: PS3, PM2, PP2, PP3
Clinical Phenotype: Alzheimer's Disease
Reference Assembly: GRCh37/hg19
Position: Chr14:73659458 C>T
dbSNP ID: rs63749987
Coding/Non-Coding: Coding
Mutation Type: Point, Missense
Codon Change: CTT to TTT
Reference Isoform: PSEN1 Isoform 1 (467 aa)
Genomic Region: Exon 7
Findings
This variant was identified in a member of an Italian family with early onset AD (Terreni et al., 2000). The proband's APP gene was also screened, and no additional mutations were found. The variant is present at a frequency of 0.000003976 with an allele count of 1 in the gnomAD variant database (gnomAD v.2.1.1, Sep 2021).
Neuropathology
Unknown.
Biological Effect
An in vitro assay using purified proteins to test the ability of this mutant to cleave the APP-C99 substrate revealed it produces less Aβ40 and more Aβ42 than wildtype PSEN1, resulting in an elevated Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (Sun et al., 2017). Several in silico algorithms (SIFT, Polyphen-2, LRT, MutationTaster, MutationAssessor, FATHMM, PROVEAN, CADD, REVEL, and Reve in the VarCards database) predicted this variant is damaging (Xiao et al., 2021).
Pathogenicity
Alzheimer's Disease : Not Classified*
*This variant fulfilled some ACMG-AMP criteria, but it was not classified by Alzforum, because data for either a pathogenic or benign classification are lacking: only one affected carrier has been reported without co-segregation data, and the variant is absent—or very rare—in the gnomAD database.
This variant fulfilled the following criteria based on the ACMG/AMP guidelines. See a full list of the criteria in the Methods page.
PS3-S
Well-established in vitro or in vivo functional studies supportive of a damaging effect on the gene or gene product.
PM2-M
Absent from controls (or at extremely low frequency if recessive) in Exome Sequencing Project, 1000 Genomes Project, or Exome Aggregation Consortium. *Alzforum uses the gnomAD variant database.
PP2-P
Missense variant in a gene that has a low rate of benign missense variation and where missense variants are a common mechanism of disease.
PP3-P
Multiple lines of computational evidence support a deleterious effect on the gene or gene product (conservation, evolutionary, splicing impact, etc.). *In most cases, Alzforum applies this criterion when the variant’s PHRED-scaled CADD score is greater than or equal to 20.
| Pathogenic (PS, PM, PP) | Benign (BA, BS, BP) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Criteria Weighting | Strong (-S) | Moderate (-M) | Supporting (-P) | Supporting (-P) | Strong (-S) | Strongest (BA) |
Last Updated: 22 Feb 2022
References
Paper Citations
- Terreni L, Valeria C, Calella AM, Gavazzi A, Alberoni M, Grimaldi, Mariani C, Forloni G. A novel missense mutation (L219F) in exon 8 of the presenilin 1 gene in an Italian family with presenile familial Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2000 May-Jun;21(Suppl 1):176-7.
- Sun L, Zhou R, Yang G, Shi Y. Analysis of 138 pathogenic mutations in presenilin-1 on the in vitro production of Aβ42 and Aβ40 peptides by γ-secretase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Jan 24;114(4):E476-E485. Epub 2016 Dec 5 PubMed.
- Xiao X, Liu H, Liu X, Zhang W, Zhang S, Jiao B. APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 Variants in Alzheimer's Disease: Systematic Re-evaluation According to ACMG Guidelines. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021;13:695808. Epub 2021 Jun 18 PubMed.
External Citations
Further Reading
No Available Further Reading
Protein Diagram
Primary Papers
- Terreni L, Valeria C, Calella AM, Gavazzi A, Alberoni M, Grimaldi, Mariani C, Forloni G. A novel missense mutation (L219F) in exon 8 of the presenilin 1 gene in an Italian family with presenile familial Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2000 May-Jun;21(Suppl 1):176-7.
Other mutations at this position
Alzpedia
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