Mutations

PSEN1 L219F

Overview

Pathogenicity: Alzheimer's Disease : Not Classified
Clinical Phenotype: Alzheimer's Disease
Reference Assembly: GRCh37/hg19
Position: Chr14:73659458 C>T
dbSNP ID: rs63749987
Coding/Non-Coding: Coding
Mutation Type: Point, Missense
Codon Change: CTT to TTT
Reference Isoform: PSEN1 Isoform 1 (467 aa)
Genomic Region: Exon 7

Findings

This variant was identified in a member of an Italian family with early onset AD (Terreni et al., 2000). The proband's APP gene was also screened, and no additional mutations were found. The variant is present at a frequency of 0.000003976 with an allele count of 1 in the gnomAD variant database (gnomAD v.2.1.1, Sep 2021). 

Neuropathology
Unknown.

Biological Effect
An in vitro assay using purified proteins to test the ability of this mutant to cleave the APP-C99 substrate revealed it produces less Aβ40 and more Aβ42 than wildtype PSEN1, resulting in an elevated Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (Sun et al., 2017). Several in silico algorithms (SIFT, Polyphen-2, LRT, MutationTaster, MutationAssessor, FATHMM, PROVEAN, CADD, REVEL, and Reve in the VarCards database) predicted this variant is damaging (Xiao et al., 2021).

Last Updated: 10 Sep 2021

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References

Paper Citations

  1. Terreni L, Valeria C, Calella AM, Gavazzi A, Alberoni M, Grimaldi, Mariani C, Forloni G. A novel missense mutation (L219F) in exon 8 of the presenilin 1 gene in an Italian family with presenile familial Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2000 May-Jun;21(Suppl 1):176-7.
  2. Sun L, Zhou R, Yang G, Shi Y. Analysis of 138 pathogenic mutations in presenilin-1 on the in vitro production of Aβ42 and Aβ40 peptides by γ-secretase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Jan 24;114(4):E476-E485. Epub 2016 Dec 5 PubMed.
  3. Xiao X, Liu H, Liu X, Zhang W, Zhang S, Jiao B. APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 Variants in Alzheimer's Disease: Systematic Re-evaluation According to ACMG Guidelines. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021;13:695808. Epub 2021 Jun 18 PubMed.

External Citations

  1. gnomAD v.2.1.1

Further Reading

No Available Further Reading

Protein Diagram

Primary Papers

  1. Terreni L, Valeria C, Calella AM, Gavazzi A, Alberoni M, Grimaldi, Mariani C, Forloni G. A novel missense mutation (L219F) in exon 8 of the presenilin 1 gene in an Italian family with presenile familial Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2000 May-Jun;21(Suppl 1):176-7.

Other mutations at this position

View Table

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