Mutations

APP D243N

Overview

Pathogenicity: Alzheimer's Disease : Benign
ACMG/AMP Pathogenicity Criteria: BS1, BS3, BP4
Clinical Phenotype: Alzheimer's Disease
Position: (GRCh38/hg38):Chr21:26021978 G>A
Position: (GRCh37/hg19):Chr21:27394294 G>A
dbSNP ID: NA
Coding/Non-Coding: Coding
DNA Change: Substitution
Expected RNA Consequence: Substitution
Expected Protein Consequence: Missense
Codon Change: GAT to AAT
Reference Isoform: APP Isoform APP770 (770 aa)
Genomic Region: Exon 6

Findings

This APP variant was identified in one of 424 French people with early onset AD by whole-exome sequencing (Nicolas et al., 2015). Given that it is located in exon 6, the D243N variant is considered unlikely to be pathogenic.

This variant was found in the gnomAD variant database where it was particularly prevalent in the European non-Finnish population (24 of 28 alleles) (gnomAD v2.1.1, Oct 2021).

Neuropathology

Unknown.

Biological Effects

Mouse neuroblastoma cells expressing this variant secreted similar amounts of Aβ42 and Aβ40 compared with cells expressing wild-type APP. The Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was also similar to controls (Hsu et al., 2020). Consistently, the PHRED-scaled CADD score, which integrates diverse information in silico, was below 20, suggesting a non-deleterious effect (CADD v.1.6, Oct 2021).

Pathogenicity

Alzheimer's Disease : Benign

This variant fulfilled the following criteria based on the ACMG/AMP guidelines. See a full list of the criteria in the Methods page.

BS1-S

Allele frequency is greater than expected for disorder. *Alzforum uses the gnomAD variant database.  D243N: Most carriers are of European descent.

BS3-S

Well-established in vitro or in vivo functional studies shows no damaging effect on protein function or splicing.

BP4-P

Multiple lines of computational evidence suggest no impact on gene or gene product (conservation, evolutionary, splicing impact, etc). *In most cases, Alzforum applies this criterion when the variant’s PHRED-scaled CADD score is less than 20.

Pathogenic (PS, PM, PP) Benign (BA, BS, BP)
Criteria Weighting Strong (-S) Moderate (-M) Supporting (-P) Supporting (-P) Strong (-S) Strongest (BA)

Last Updated: 22 Feb 2022

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References

Paper Citations

  1. Nicolas G, Wallon D, Charbonnier C, Quenez O, Rousseau S, Richard AC, Rovelet-Lecrux A, Coutant S, Le Guennec K, Bacq D, Garnier JG, Olaso R, Boland A, Meyer V, Deleuze JF, Munter HM, Bourque G, Auld D, Montpetit A, Lathrop M, Guyant-Maréchal L, Martinaud O, Pariente J, Rollin-Sillaire A, Pasquier F, Le Ber I, Sarazin M, Croisile B, Boutoleau-Bretonnière C, Thomas-Antérion C, Paquet C, Sauvée M, Moreaud O, Gabelle A, Sellal F, Ceccaldi M, Chamard L, Blanc F, Frebourg T, Campion D, Hannequin D. Screening of dementia genes by whole-exome sequencing in early-onset Alzheimer disease: input and lessons. Eur J Hum Genet. 2015 Aug 5; PubMed.
  2. Hsu S, Pimenova AA, Hayes K, Villa JA, Rosene MJ, Jere M, Goate AM, Karch CM. Systematic validation of variants of unknown significance in APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2. Neurobiol Dis. 2020 Jun;139:104817. Epub 2020 Feb 19 PubMed.

External Citations

  1. gnomAD v2.1.1
  2. CADD v.1.6

Further Reading

No Available Further Reading

Protein Diagram

Primary Papers

  1. Nicolas G, Wallon D, Charbonnier C, Quenez O, Rousseau S, Richard AC, Rovelet-Lecrux A, Coutant S, Le Guennec K, Bacq D, Garnier JG, Olaso R, Boland A, Meyer V, Deleuze JF, Munter HM, Bourque G, Auld D, Montpetit A, Lathrop M, Guyant-Maréchal L, Martinaud O, Pariente J, Rollin-Sillaire A, Pasquier F, Le Ber I, Sarazin M, Croisile B, Boutoleau-Bretonnière C, Thomas-Antérion C, Paquet C, Sauvée M, Moreaud O, Gabelle A, Sellal F, Ceccaldi M, Chamard L, Blanc F, Frebourg T, Campion D, Hannequin D. Screening of dementia genes by whole-exome sequencing in early-onset Alzheimer disease: input and lessons. Eur J Hum Genet. 2015 Aug 5; PubMed.

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