Secreted APP Binds GABA-B Receptors, Blocks Neurotransmitter Release
In presynapses, binding sequesters synaptic vesicles.
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Tau, More than Aβ, Affects Sleep Early in Alzheimer’s
During deep sleep, people with AD pathology, particularly tau tangles, have less low-frequency slow-wave brain activity, which is important for memory consolidation.
Do Alzheimer’s Biomarkers Vary by Race?
The largest study so far to compare brain scans and CSF among African-Americans and Caucasians finds differences, but participant numbers remain small.
CryoEM γ-Secretase Structures Nail APP, Notch Binding
First look at substrate interactions reveals similarities but some surprises.
New PET Tracer Selectively Lights Up Activated Microglia in Brain
The ligand binds the microglia-specific CSF1 receptor in animal and postmortem studies; human trials are forthcoming.
Without TREM2, Plaques Grow Fast in Mice, Have Less ApoE
Absent the receptor, microglia ignore Aβ seeds and new plaques, which then absorb little ApoE and stay diffuse.
Autophagy, Inflammation, Degeneration: Parsing an Unholy Trinity
In a fly model of neurodegeneration, CDK5 slams autophagy, which leads to a runaway immune response that shoves aging neurons over the edge.
GABA-A Receptor Structures Point to Drug Mechanisms
Cryo-EM helps explain how the inhibitory receptors open and close their ion channels.
Tregs Suppress Astrogliosis and Improve Recovery After Stroke
Regulatory T cells rush into the brain after a stroke, quelling astrocytosis and aiding neural recovery.
2018—A Year in Research
This past year, therapeutic antibodies massively reduced brain amyloid, blood tests came into their own, and systems-based approaches transformed the study of gene expression, glial cells, and selective vulnerability.
Missing Ingredient: New Mice Model Alzheimer’s Genetic Variability
By crossing 5XFAD mice with multiple different reference strains, scientists make genetically diverse AD mice to better mimic human late-onset disease.
Could a Blood Test for Tau Diagnose Alzheimer’s Disease?
An ultrasensitive assay picked up elevated concentrations of N-terminal tau fragments in the blood of people with AD.
Stem Cell Model Nails Link Between Tauopathy and GABAergic Dysfunction
By marrying iPSCs, human genomic data, and analysis of postmortem tissue, researchers tied loss of GABAergic signaling to tauopathies such as FTD and PSP, but not AD.
Local Flavor: At Protein Level, Too, Human Microglia Are Diverse
Multiplexed marker analysis in single cells from human brain corroborates expression data, identifies microglia subsets in human brain.
When Glial Clocks Fall Out of Sync, Inflammation Ensues
Disrupting circadian clocks in astrocytes and microglia unleashed harmful responses in these glial cells, leading to neuronal damage.
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