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Remote Healing by Stem Cell-Derived GDNF?

RESEARCH NEWS 2004-10-04 Research News Stem cells: Science…or science fiction? Often lost in all the political hoopla are the scientific reservations about whether stem cells can truly—and safely—replace decrepit or dead cells in vivo (see ARF Live Discussion). Two reports in the

Merck Withdraws Vioxx®

RESEARCH NEWS 2004-09-30 Research News Pharmaceutical giant Merck announced today that it was withdrawing rofecoxib, a pain and antiinflammatory drug, from worldwide markets because of safety concerns (see statement from the company website). The nonsteroidal antiinflammatory dru

PPARγ Partner PGC-1α Linked to Huntington Disease-Like Symptoms

RESEARCH NEWS 2004-09-30 Research News Though it is a relatively new target of Alzheimer disease researchers, the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) has gained a lot of attention in a short time. (See ARF live discussion.) There are both insulin and infl

FRETting Pays off—NSAIDs Target Presenilins, Reduce Aβ42

RESEARCH NEWS 2004-09-30 Research News γ-secretase, the multiprotein complex that unleashes amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42) from the amyloidβ precursor protein (AβPP), seems an obvious place to start if you want to develop a drug to prevent or slow Alzheimer disease. There’s only one prob

Researchers Catch GIT1 in Huntingtin Fishing Net

RESEARCH NEWS 2004-09-27 Research News In the September 24 issue of Molecular Cell, Erich Wanker and colleagues demonstrate the power of combining cDNA and yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screens in pursuit of protein accomplices of disease-suspect molecules, in this case huntingtin (htt)

Neurobiology of Aging to Publish Negative Results—Call for Manuscripts

INTERVIEWS 2004-09-27 Interviews We’ve all heard the phrase “publish or perish.” What we really mean is “publish positive or perish.” Scientists shy away from negative results. But are we doing ourselves a disservice? Are we missing out on a wealth of information? Paul Coleman

Protofibrils Permeabilize Lipid Membranes

RESEARCH NEWS 2004-09-24 Research News Amyloid-β, the peptide that forms the hallmark plaques of Alzheimer disease, can exist in a variety of forms, including monomers, soluble oligomers, and fully fledged fibrils. The oligomers, or protofibrils, are generally thought to be inter

Amyloid Formation—Taking Things One Monomer at a Time

RESEARCH NEWS 2004-09-23 Research News Amyloids, whether of the amyloid-β of Alzheimer disease, or of other peptides such as transthyretin, are composed of long polymeric fibrils that stick together like glue. But how are the fibers formed? Does a chain grow by the addition of si

Chromosome 5 Is in the Bag

RESEARCH NEWS 2004-09-19 Research News In the September 16 issue of Nature, another legion of geneticists, this one led by Jeremy Schmutz of the Stanford Human Genome Centre in California, pulls the curtain back on a chromosome: number 5. This relatively gene-poor chromosome hold

Focus on Aβ Fibrils: Targeting β-sheets and Foiling Them

RESEARCH NEWS 2004-09-16 Research News Two papers from the past week take aim at the β-sheet structure of proteins prone to pathological aggregation. A team led by Luis Serrano of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg offers up a computer algorithm to help predi

Move Over, Mitochondria—Make Room for ER-Induced Cell Death

RESEARCH NEWS 2004-09-15 Research News Mitochondria, those bags of energy once revered for keeping us all respiring, have come in for some bad press since they were discovered to initiate programmed cell death in addition to spewing out toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). But th

Want Plaque Protection? Try the X Factors…

RESEARCH NEWS 2004-09-13 Research News …X11, that is, a nuclear adaptor protein that binds to the intracellular domain of amyloid-β precursor protein (AβPP). Last year, Christopher Miller and colleagues at Kings College London reported that overexpression of X11α in a mouse model

Can Sonic Hedgehog Rejuvenate Parkinson Disease Neurons?

RESEARCH NEWS 2004-09-10 Research News A study in the September issue of Molecular Therapy reports that the developmental regulatory factors Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Gli-1, but not Nurr-1, can protect dopaminergic neurons when delivered via a virus in a toxin model of Parkinson d

Fish Oil Swims Ahead in Dietary Brain Protection Race

RESEARCH NEWS 2004-09-07 Research News Organism-level experimental data now lend some support to the epidemiologic evidence that the fatty acids in fish oil can protect against Alzheimer disease. Writing in Neuron, a research team led by Greg Cole and Frédéric Calon of the Univer

Neurons Found Marching to the Beat of the Glial Drum

RESEARCH NEWS 2004-09-03 Research News Biological synchrony, be it the contraction of heart muscles or the flashing of firefly lanterns, almost always reflects some fundamentally important physiology. In yesterday’s Neuron, Giorgio Carmignoto and colleagues at the University of P

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