Mutations

PSEN1 H214R

Overview

Pathogenicity: Alzheimer's Disease : Likely Pathogenic
Clinical Phenotype: Alzheimer's Disease
Reference Assembly: GRCh37/hg19
Position: Chr14:73659444 A>G
dbSNP ID: NA
Coding/Non-Coding: Coding
Mutation Type: Point, Missense
Codon Change: CAC to CGC
Reference Isoform: PSEN1 Isoform 1 (467 aa)
Genomic Region: Exon 7

Findings

This mutation was found in a Chinese family including nine members spanning two generations affected by early onset dementia (Li et al., 2019). The proband presented with memory decline, mood alterations, and behavioral changes at 41 years of age. His mother, three siblings of his mother, and three of his siblings developed similar symptoms at approximately 40 years of age. In addition to the proband, the proband’s mother, a sibling, and an uncle, all of whom were affected, carried the mutation. The mutation was absent from 200 Chinese healthy controls and two genetic variant databases (ExAC and 1000 Genomes).

Neuropathology
Although neuropathological data are unavailable, a brain MRI of the proband showed mild white matter demyelination of the frontal and parietal lobes, with no apparent atrophy of the cerebral cortex or hippocampus.

Biological Effect
The biological effects of this variant are unknown, but several in silico algorithms (SIFT, Polyphen-2, LRT, MutationTaster, MutationAssessor, FATHMM, PROVEAN, CADD, REVEL, MutPred2, SNAP, and Reve) predicted this variant is damaging (Li et al., 2019, Xiao et al., 2021).

A cryo-electron microscopy study of the atomic structure of γ-secretase bound to an APP fragment indicates this residue is apposed to the APP transmembrane helix, with its side-chain reaching towards the interior of the substrate-binding pore (Zhou et al., 2019; Jan 2019 news).

Last Updated: 17 Aug 2021

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References

News Citations

  1. CryoEM γ-Secretase Structures Nail APP, Notch Binding

Paper Citations

  1. Li YS, Yang ZH, Zhang Y, Yang J, Shang DD, Zhang SY, Wu J, Ji Y, Zhao L, Shi CH, Xu YM. Two Novel Mutations and a de novo Mutation in PSEN1 in Early-onset Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis. 2019 Aug;10(4):908-914. PubMed.
  2. Xiao X, Liu H, Liu X, Zhang W, Zhang S, Jiao B. APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 Variants in Alzheimer's Disease: Systematic Re-evaluation According to ACMG Guidelines. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021;13:695808. Epub 2021 Jun 18 PubMed.
  3. Zhou R, Yang G, Guo X, Zhou Q, Lei J, Shi Y. Recognition of the amyloid precursor protein by human γ-secretase. Science. 2019 Feb 15;363(6428) Epub 2019 Jan 10 PubMed.

Further Reading

No Available Further Reading

Protein Diagram

Primary Papers

  1. Li YS, Yang ZH, Zhang Y, Yang J, Shang DD, Zhang SY, Wu J, Ji Y, Zhao L, Shi CH, Xu YM. Two Novel Mutations and a de novo Mutation in PSEN1 in Early-onset Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis. 2019 Aug;10(4):908-914. PubMed.

Other mutations at this position

View Table

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