Mutations
PSEN1 G209V
Quick Links
Overview
Pathogenicity: Alzheimer's Disease : Pathogenic
Clinical Phenotype: Alzheimer's Disease
Reference Assembly: GRCh37 (105)
Position: Chr14:73659429 G>T
dbSNP ID: rs63750053
Coding/Non-Coding: Coding
Mutation Type: Point, Missense
Codon Change: GGA to GTA
Reference Isoform: PSEN1 isoform 1 (467 aa)
Genomic Region: Exon 7
Findings
This mutation was among the first PSEN1 mutations identified. It was found in a large German pedigree, known as family L (Poorkaj et al., 1998). This family included at least 19 family members affected by early onset Alzheimer’s disease. Eight affected family members were confirmed to carry the mutation, strongly suggesting pathogenicity. The average age of onset in this family was 41.3 ± 4.5 years of age. Disease in family L was characterized by onset of dementia before the age of 50, progressive aphasia, early myoclonus and generalized seizures, and paratonia (involuntary resistance to passive movement) (Lampe et al., 1994).
Neuropathology
The diagnosis of AD was confirmed in at least nine mutation carriers from the L family. Neuropathological findings included cortical atrophy, extensive amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, and prominent amyloid angiopathy (Lampe et al., 1994). A subsequent study reported a few differences with sporadic AD (Gómez-Isla et al., 1999). In particular, the percentage of the superior temporal sulcus region covered by plaques containing Aβ42/Aβ43 was found to be elevated, resulting in a lower ratio of Aβ40 to Aβ42/Aβ43, compared with average measurements of 51 cases of sporadic AD. Also, neurofibrillary tangle formation and neuronal loss were accelerated compared to sporadic AD.
Biological Effect
An in vitro assay using purified proteins to test the ability of this mutant to cleave the APP-C99 substrate revealed it abrogates Aβ40 production and drastically reduces Aβ42 production (Sun et al., 2017). In addition, it causes incomplete endoproteolytic processing of PSEN1.
A cryo-electron microscopy study of the atomic structure of γ-secretase bound to an APP fragment suggests mutations in G209 could alter the protein's local conformation and affect the positioning of residues that directly contribute to substrate binding (Zhou et al., 2019; Jan 2019 news).
Last Updated: 23 Nov 2019
References
News Citations
Paper Citations
- Poorkaj P, Sharma V, Anderson L, Nemens E, Alonso ME, Orr H, White J, Heston L, Bird TD, Schellenberg GD. Missense mutations in the chromosome 14 familial Alzheimer's disease presenilin 1 gene. Hum Mutat. 1998;11(3):216-21. PubMed.
- Lampe TH, Bird TD, Nochlin D, Nemens E, Risse SC, Sumi SM, Koerker R, Leaird B, Wier M, Raskind MA. Phenotype of chromosome 14-linked familial Alzheimer's disease in a large kindred. Ann Neurol. 1994 Sep;36(3):368-78. PubMed.
- Gómez-Isla T, Growdon WB, McNamara MJ, Nochlin D, Bird TD, Arango JC, Lopera F, Kosik KS, Lantos PL, Cairns NJ, Hyman BT. The impact of different presenilin 1 andpresenilin 2 mutations on amyloid deposition, neurofibrillary changes and neuronal loss in the familial Alzheimer's disease brain: evidence for other phenotype-modifying factors. Brain. 1999 Sep;122 ( Pt 9):1709-19. PubMed.
- Sun L, Zhou R, Yang G, Shi Y. Analysis of 138 pathogenic mutations in presenilin-1 on the in vitro production of Aβ42 and Aβ40 peptides by γ-secretase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Jan 24;114(4):E476-E485. Epub 2016 Dec 5 PubMed.
- Zhou R, Yang G, Guo X, Zhou Q, Lei J, Shi Y. Recognition of the amyloid precursor protein by human γ-secretase. Science. 2019 Feb 15;363(6428) Epub 2019 Jan 10 PubMed.
Further Reading
No Available Further Reading
Protein Diagram
Primary Papers
- Poorkaj P, Sharma V, Anderson L, Nemens E, Alonso ME, Orr H, White J, Heston L, Bird TD, Schellenberg GD. Missense mutations in the chromosome 14 familial Alzheimer's disease presenilin 1 gene. Hum Mutat. 1998;11(3):216-21. PubMed.
Other mutations at this position
Alzpedia
Disclaimer: Alzforum does not provide medical advice. The Content is for informational, educational, research and reference purposes only and is not intended to substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek advice from a qualified physician or health care professional about any medical concern, and do not disregard professional medical advice because of anything you may read on Alzforum.
Comments
No Available Comments
Make a Comment
To make a comment you must login or register.