Dendrites dramatically transform how neurons interpret incoming synaptic inputs, and their electrical activity interacts with sophisticated gene transcription and protein translation machinery. Numerous human diseases and disorders are now known to involve disruptions of dendritic structure and function. Dendrites' remarkable capacity for change is thought to underlie normal learning and memory, and dysfunction within such plasticity mechanisms has been repeatedly implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. The 2017 GRC and GRS on dendrites will bring together scientists of all levels who study the critical roles dendritic molecules, structures, and functions play in neurons, circuits, systems, and behaviors.