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  1. As Holmes and his colleagues have discovered, tumor necrosis factor-α plays a key role in Alzheimer's disease—although that role may be more due to its induction of peroxynitrites than to inflammation (Hikiji et al., 2000). Peroxynitrite damage is widespread in Alzheimer's disease (Smith et al., 1997). Many peroxynitrite scavengers have been found to protect against, ameliorate, and correct cognitive deficits in animal models of the disease. Indeed, employing peroxynitrite scavengers may open the door to the treatment of this disease.

    References:

    . Peroxynitrite production by TNF-alpha and IL-1beta: implication for suppression of osteoblastic differentiation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Jun;278(6):E1031-7. PubMed.

    . Widespread peroxynitrite-mediated damage in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci. 1997 Apr 15;17(8):2653-7. PubMed.

    . A natural scavenger of peroxynitrites, rosmarinic acid, protects against impairment of memory induced by Abeta(25-35). Behav Brain Res. 2007 Jun 18;180(2):139-45. PubMed.

    . Amelioration of Amyloid β-Induced Cognitive Deficits by Zataria multiflora Boiss. Essential Oil in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2011 Feb 16; PubMed.

    . Orally administrated cinnamon extract reduces β-amyloid oligomerization and corrects cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease animal models. PLoS One. 2011;6(1):e16564. PubMed.

    . In vitro activity of the essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and eugenol in peroxynitrite-induced oxidative processes. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Jun 15;53(12):4762-5. PubMed.

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