Immunofluorescence was performed using the following antibodies: rabbit anti-b tubulin-III (Tuj-1, 1:1000, Covance), guinea pig anti-GFAP (1:1000, Advanced Immunochemical, Inc.), mouse anti-Rip (1:250, Immuno), mouse anti-MAP2(a+b) (1:100, Sigma), rabbit anti-EGFP (1:500, Molecular Probes), mouse anti-S100-b (1:100, Sigma, mouse anti-NeuN (1:750, Chemicon), rabbit anti-Sox2 (1:300, Chemicaon), mouse anti-GSTp (1:500, BD Pharmingen) and mouse polyclonal anti-ORF1 (1:1000, a gift from S. L. Martin).
ChiP assay was performed following manufacture's protocol (Upstate). The following antibodies were used for the assay: anti-Sox2 (Chemicon), anti-HDAC1 (Upstate), anti-dimethyl-histone H3-K4 (Upstate), anti-dimethyl-histone H3-K9 (Upstate), and anti-acethyl-histone H3-K9 (Upstate).
Western blotting was carried out using the following antibodies: rabbit anti-Chapsyn110 (1:250, Sigma), rabbit anti-Tuj-1 (1:750, Covance), mouse anti-Actin (1:500, Ambion), and rabbit anti-Sox2 (1:100, Santa Cruz).