The monoclonal antibodies 6E10 (recognizes A1–17) and 4G8 (recognizes A17–24) were obtained from Signet Labs, and WO2 was a generous gift from K. Beyreuther (University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany). The monoclonal antibody raised against PPAR was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. The polyclonal antibody anti-APP369 against the C-terminal (CT) of APP was a generous gift from Sam Gandy (Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA). Polyclonal antibodies anti-APP B5 (5313) against N-terminal of APP, antibody against CTb-secretase (BACE1) 7520 were generous gifts from C. Haass (Adolf Butenandt Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany).