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VIEW BY:	- select - Preclinical Phase I Phase II/IIa/IIb Phase II/III Phase III New Drug Applications Not FDA regulated Discontinued FDA approved Approved outside U.S. investigational outside U.S. Inactive

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81 to 83 of 83 results

NAME: Thalidomide

OTHER NAMES: Thalomid®

FDA PHASE: Phase II/IIa/IIb

MECHANISMS: Immunomodulatory agent; Inhibits angiogenesis; Inhibitor of TNF-α, VEGF, FGF-2

ROLE IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: Thalidomide has been tested in animal models of Alzheimer Disease. One study has shown that TNF-α is required for the iNOS-mediated nitration of proteins and impairment of memory induced by Aβ25–35. Thalidomide suppressed the increase of TNF-α mRNA induced by Aβ1–40, prevents the iNOS nitration of proteins and the impairment of recognition memory induced by Aβ (Alkam et al., 2008). Thalidomide has also been shown to inhibit glial TNF-α expression in response to Aβ1–42 injection into rat brains, reduces number of microglia and decreases astrogliosis in response to Aβ1–42 injection. Thalidomide also has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect, increasing neuronal viability in the dentate gyrus after Aβ1–42 injection (Ryu and McLarnon, 2008).

NAME: Valproate

OTHER NAMES: Depakene (valproic acid or sodium valproate), Depakote (divalproex sodium)

FDA PHASE: Phase I

ROLE IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: Potential therapy for agitation in AD patient.

NAME: Varenicline

OTHER NAMES: Champix™, Chantix™, CP-526,555

FDA PHASE: Phase II/IIa/IIb

MECHANISMS: Varenicline binds with high-affinity and selectivity at α4β2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

ROLE IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are widely distributed in the CNS and have been proposed as potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer disease. Selective α7 and α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists mediate improvement in attention, learning and working memory. Links between heavy smoking in midlife and increased risk of developing AD and vascular dementia has recently been reported (Rusanen et al., 2010). These data further support the testing of the smoking cessation agent varenicline in AD. See Alzforum News 'Risk to Your Cognition: Sepsis, Smoking Wreak Havoc Years Later'.

81 to 83 of 83 results