Name:	NeoTrofin
Other Names:	AIT-082
Therapy Types:	pharmacological
Mechanisms:	Neotrophic Agents
Development Status:	investigational in U.S.
FDA Phase:	Discontinued
Primary Medical Role:	None as yet.
Role in Alzheimer's Disease:	General improvement in mild-moderately demented Alzheimer's disease patients.
Pharmacological Role:	It acts at the site of heme oxygenase to generate carbon monoxide and by activation of guanylyl cyclase induces a cascade of biochemical reactions through the second messenger system leading to the production of mRNA for neurotrophins.
Side Effects:	There are no deleterious effects on a variety of psychopharmacological tests except for a slight anxiogenic effect.
Evidence pro its efficacy:	It mimics the effects of nerve growth factor and other neurotrophins. It is orally active, rapidly penetrates the blood-brain barrier and induces the production of multiple growth factors at the appropriate target sites in the central nervous system.
Companies:	NeoTherapeutics, Inc.

References

Grundman M, Capparelli E, Kim HT, Morris JC, Farlow M, Rubin EH, Heidebrink J, Hake A, Ho G, Schultz AN, Schafer K, Houston W, Thomas R, Thal LJ, . A multicenter, randomized, placebo controlled, multiple-dose, safety and pharmacokinetic study of AIT-082 (Neotrofin) in mild Alzheimer's disease patients. Life Sci. 2003 Jun 20;73 (5):539-53. Abstract

Yan R, Nguyen Q, Gonzaga J, Johnson M, Ritzmann RF, Taylor EM. Reversal of cycloheximide-induced memory disruption by AIT-082 (Neotrofin) is modulated by, but not dependent on, adrenal hormones. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2003 Apr ;166 (4):400-7. Abstract

Potkin S, Alva G, Keator D, Carreon D, Fleming K, Fallon J. Brain metabolic effects of Neotrofin in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res. 2002 Sep 27;951(1):87. Abstract

Grundman M, Farlow M, Peavy G, Kim HT, Capparelli E, Schultz AN, Salmon DP, Ferris SH, Mobs R, Thomas RG, Schafer K, Campbell K, Hake AM, Schoos B, Thal LJ, . A phase I study of AIT-082 in healthy elderly volunteers. J Mol Neurosci. 2002 Jun ;18(3):283-93. Abstract

Lahiri DK, Ge YW, Farlow MR. Effect of a memory-enhancing drug, AIT-082, on the level of synaptophysin. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000 Apr;903:387-93. Abstract

Rathbone MP, Middlemiss PJ, Gysbers JW, Andrew C, Herman MA, Reed JK, Ciccarelli R, Di Iorio P, Caciagli F. Trophic effects of purines in neurons and glial cells. Prog Neurobiol. 1999 Dec;59(6):663-90. Abstract

Glasky AJ, Melchior CL, Pirzadeh B, Heydari N, Ritzmann RF. Effect of AIT-082, a purine analog, on working memory in normal and aged mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1994 Feb;47(2):325-9. Abstract